The computers help run apps and store files. They use a lot of power. Some also need water to keep cool.

Why it matters: Big buildings can change what happens near homes and roads.

The state can approve a very large data center. It can also approve a site that makes power for businesses. That power site is called a microgrid.

Why it matters: The state wants to bring in new businesses and jobs.

If the state gives a project special approval, a town or county cannot use its usual rules for land use, noise, lights, or local building permits to stop it.

Why it matters: That gives towns and counties less say over these projects.

The special rules are for projects approved by the state. The state building code still applies. The law also says the projects must pay taxes and bills for services they use.

Why it matters: A local rule and a state rule are not the same thing.

Think of $10 in added property tax from a covered project. $5 goes to a state income-tax fund, $3 to the county with the site, $1 to all counties, 50 cents to water grants, and 50 cents to a power-grid fund. That is 50%, 30%, 10%, 5%, and 5%.

Why it matters: A project in your county does not mean your county keeps all the new tax money.

Tree roots help hold soil in place. When land is scraped bare, rain can wash mud into creeks and drains. Trees also give shade and homes to animals.

Why it matters: Land, water, and forests matter to people living near a project.